getWebServer这个方法创建了Tomcat对象,并且做了两件重要的事情:把Connector对象添加到tomcat中,configureEngine(tomcat.getEngine());
getWebServer方法返回的是TomcatWebServer。
//TomcatWebServer.java
//这里调用构造函数实例化TomcatWebServer
public TomcatWebServer(Tomcat tomcat, boolean autoStart) {
Assert.notNull(tomcat, "Tomcat Server must not be null");
this.tomcat = tomcat;
this.autoStart = autoStart;
initialize();
}
private void initialize() throws WebServerException {
//在控制台会看到这句日志
logger.info("Tomcat initialized with port(s): " + getPortsDescription(false));
synchronized (this.monitor) {
try {
addInstanceIdToEngineName();
Context context = findContext();
context.addLifecycleListener((event) -> {
if (context.equals(event.getSource()) && Lifecycle.START_EVENT.equals(event.getType())) {
removeServiceConnectors();
}
});
//===启动tomcat服务===
this.tomcat.start();
rethrowDeferredStartupExceptions();
try {
ContextBindings.bindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());
}
catch (NamingException ex) {
}
//开启阻塞非守护进程
startDaemonAwaitThread();
}
catch (Exception ex) {
stopSilently();
destroySilently();
throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat", ex);
}
}
}
//Tomcat.java
public void start() throws LifecycleException {
getServer();
server.start();
}
//这里server.start又会回到TomcatWebServer的
public void stop() throws LifecycleException {
getServer();
server.stop();
}
//TomcatWebServer.java
//启动tomcat服务
@Override
public void start() throws WebServerException {
synchronized (this.monitor) {
if (this.started) {
return;
}
try {
addPreviouslyRemovedConnectors();
Connector connector = this.tomcat.getConnector();
if (connector != null && this.autoStart) {
performDeferredLoadOnStartup();
}
checkThatConnectorsHaveStarted();
this.started = true;
//在控制台打印这句日志,如果在yml设置了上下文,这里会打印
logger.info("Tomcat started on port(s): " + getPortsDescription(true) + " with context path \'"
+ getContextPath() + "\'");
}
catch (ConnectorStartFailedException ex) {
stopSilently();
throw ex;
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new WebServerException("Unable to start embedded Tomcat server", ex);
}
finally {
Context context = findContext();
ContextBindings.unbindClassLoader(context, context.getNamingToken(), getClass().getClassLoader());
}
}
}
//关闭tomcat服务
@Override
public void stop() throws WebServerException {
synchronized (this.monitor) {
boolean wasStarted = this.started;
try {
this.started = false;
try {
stopTomcat();
this.tomcat.destroy();
}
catch (LifecycleException ex) {
}
}
catch (Exception ex) {
throw new WebServerException("Unable to stop embedded Tomcat", ex);
}
finally {
if (wasStarted) {
containerCounter.decrementAndGet();
}
}
}
}
附:tomcat顶层结构图

tomcat最顶层容器是Server,代表着整个服务器,一个Server包含多个Service。从上图可以看除Service主要包括多个Connector和一个Container。Connector用来处理连接相关的事情,并提供Socket到Request和Response相关转化。Container用于封装和管理Servlet,以及处理具体的Request请求。那么上文提到的Engine>Host>Context>Wrapper容器又是怎么回事呢? 我们来看下图:

综上所述,一个tomcat只包含一个Server,一个Server可以包含多个Service,一个Service只有一个Container,但有多个Connector,这样一个服务可以处理多个连接。
多个Connector和一个Container就形成了一个Service,有了Service就可以对外提供服务了,但是Service要提供服务又必须提供一个宿主环境,那就非Server莫属了,所以整个tomcat的声明周期都由Server控制。
总结