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dump和restore命令实现全备、增量备份和差异备份
[日期：2013-08-18] 来源：Linux社区 作者：justdb [字体：]
五 dump和restore——实现差异备份
#演示差异备份
[root@serv01 data]# cd /backup/
[root@serv01 backup]# rm -rf *
[root@serv01 backup]# rm -rf data01.dump
[root@serv01 backup]# > /etc/dumpdates
#首先全备
[root@serv01 backup]# dump -0uf data01.dump/data/
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sdb1 (/data) to data01.dump
DUMP: Label: none
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 16672 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing data01.dump
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: Volume 1 16680 blocks (16.29MB)
DUMP: 16680 blocks (16.29MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in less than a second
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
[root@serv01 backup]# cat /etc/dumpdates
/dev/sdb1 0 Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013 +0800
#拷贝fstab文件
[root@serv01 backup]# cp /etc/fstab /data/
#差异备份
[root@serv01 backup]# dump -1uf data02.dump/data/
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:44:20 2013
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sdb1 (/data) to data02.dump
DUMP: Label: none
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 55 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Aug 2 11:44:20 2013
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing data02.dump
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Aug 2 11:44:20 2013
DUMP: Volume 1 50 blocks (0.05MB)
DUMP: 50 blocks (0.05MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in less than a second
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:44:20 2013
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Aug 2 11:44:20 2013
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
#拷贝yum.conf文件
[root@serv01 backup]# cp /etc/yum.conf/data
[root@serv01 backup]# dump -1ufdata021.dump /data/
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:44:47 2013
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sdb1 (/data) to data021.dump
DUMP: Label: none
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 60 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Aug 2 11:44:47 2013
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing data021.dump
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Aug 2 11:44:47 2013
DUMP: Volume 1 60 blocks (0.06MB)
DUMP: 60 blocks (0.06MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in less than a second
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:44:47 2013
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Aug 2 11:44:47 2013
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
#拷贝文件，然后差异备份
[root@serv01 backup]# cp /etc/networks/data
[root@serv01 backup]# dump -1ufdata0211.dump /data/
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:45:34 2013
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:43:51 2013
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sdb1 (/data) to data0211.dump
DUMP: Label: none
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 65 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Aug 2 11:45:34 2013
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing data0211.dump
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Aug 2 11:45:34 2013
DUMP: Volume 1 70 blocks (0.07MB)
DUMP: 70 blocks (0.07MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in less than a second
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Aug 2 11:45:34 2013
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Aug 2 11:45:34 2013
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
#模拟数据删除
[root@serv01 backup]# cd /data
[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf *
#恢复时需要有全备的文件和想恢复的文件（或者最后一次），只需要两个
[root@serv01 data]# restore -rf/backup/data01.dump
[root@serv01 data]# restore -rf/backup/data021.dump
[root@serv01 data]# ls
config-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 inittab symvers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.gz
fstab passwd vmlinuz-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
initramfs-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.img restoresymtable yum.conf
[root@serv01 data]# rm -rf *
[root@serv01 data]# restore -rf/backup/data01.dump
[root@serv01 data]# restore -rf/backup/data0211.dump
[root@serv01 data]# ls
config-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 inittab restoresymtable yum.conf
fstab networks symvers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.gz
initramfs-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.img passwd vmlinuz-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
#差异备份：一定是在全备的基础上
#dd没有增量备份的功能
#磁盘拷贝（对拷）
[root@serv01 backup]# cd /data/
[root@serv01 data]# ls
[root@serv01 data]# cp /boot/* .
cp: omitting directory `/boot/efi'
cp: omitting directory `/boot/grub'
cp: omitting directory `/boot/lost+found'
[root@serv01 data]# dd if=/dev/sdb1of=/dev/sdc1
dd: writing to `/dev/sdc1': Input/outputerror
4192897+0 records in
4192896+0 records out
2146762752 bytes (2.1 GB) copied, 71.3082s, 30.1 MB/s
[root@serv01 data]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda2 9.7G 1.1G 8.1G 12% /
tmpfs 188M 0 188M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 194M 25M 160M 14% /boot
/dev/sda5 4.0G 137M 3.7G 4% /opt
/dev/sr0 3.4G 3.4G 0 100% /iso
/dev/sdb1 2.0G 54M 1.9G 3% /data
/dev/sdc1 2.0G 35M 1.9G 2% /backup
[root@serv01 data]# ls /backup/
config-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64 symvers-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.gz vmlinuz-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
initramfs-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64.img System.map-2.6.32-131.0.15.el6.x86_64
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