浅谈JavaScript 代码简洁之道(8)
Good:
// 动物
class Animal {
constructor(age) {
this.age = age
};
move() {};
}
// 哺乳动物
class Mammal extends Animal{
constructor(age, furColor) {
super(age);
this.furColor = furColor;
};
liveBirth() {};
}
// 人类
class Human extends Mammal{
constructor(age, furColor, languageSpoken) {
super(age, furColor);
this.languageSpoken = languageSpoken;
};
speak() {};
}
链式调用
这种模式相当有用,可以在很多库中发现它的身影,比如 jQuery、Lodash 等。它让你的代码简洁优雅。实现起来也非常简单,在类的方法最后返回 this 可以了。
Bad:
class Car {
constructor(make, model, color) {
this.make = make;
this.model = model;
this.color = color;
}
setMake(make) {
this.make = make;
}
setModel(model) {
this.model = model;
}
setColor(color) {
this.color = color;
}
save() {
console.log(this.make, this.model, this.color);
}
}
const car = new Car('Ford','F-150','red');
car.setColor('pink');
car.save();
Good:
class Car {
constructor(make, model, color) {
this.make = make;
this.model = model;
this.color = color;
}
setMake(make) {
this.make = make;
return this;
}
setModel(model) {
this.model = model;
return this;
}
setColor(color) {
this.color = color;
return this;
}
save() {
console.log(this.make, this.model, this.color);
return this;
}
}
const car = new Car('Ford','F-150','red')
.setColor('pink');
.save();
不要滥用继承
很多时候继承被滥用,导致可读性很差,要搞清楚两个类之间的关系,继承表达的一个属于关系,而不是包含关系,比如 Human->Animal vs. User->UserDetails
Bad:
class Employee {
constructor(name, email) {
this.name = name;
this.email = email;
}
// ...
}
// TaxData(税收信息)并不是属于 Employee(雇员),而是包含关系。
class EmployeeTaxData extends Employee {
constructor(ssn, salary) {
super();
this.ssn = ssn;
this.salary = salary;
}
// ...
}
Good:
class EmployeeTaxData {
constructor(ssn, salary) {
this.ssn = ssn;
this.salary = salary;
}
// ...
}
class Employee {
constructor(name, email) {
this.name = name;
this.email = email;
}
setTaxData(ssn, salary) {
this.taxData = new EmployeeTaxData(ssn, salary);
}
// ...
}
SOLID
SOLID 是几个单词首字母组合而来,分别表示 单一功能原则、开闭原则、里氏替换原则、接口隔离原则以及依赖反转原则。
单一功能原则
如果一个类干的事情太多太杂,会导致后期很难维护。我们应该厘清职责,各司其职减少相互之间依赖。
