1：Shuffle Error: Exceeded MAX_FAILED_UNIQUE_FETCHES; bailing-out
Answer：
程序里面需要打开多个文件，进行分析，系统一般默认数量是1024，（用ulimit -a可以看到）对于正常使用是够了，但是对于程序来讲，就太少了。
修改办法：
修改2个文件。
/etc/security/limits.conf
vi /etc/security/limits.conf
加上：
* soft nofile 102400
* hard nofile 409600
$cd /etc/pam.d/
$sudo vi login
添加 session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
针对第一个问题我纠正下答案：
这是reduce预处理阶段shuffle时获取已完成的map的输出失败次数超过上限造成的，上限默认为5。引起此问题的方式可能会有很多种，比如网络连接不正常，连接超时，带宽较差以及端口阻塞等。。。通常框架内网络情况较好是不会出现此错误的。
2：Too many fetch-failures
Answer:
出现这个问题主要是结点间的连通不够全面。
1) 检查 、/etc/hosts
要求本机ip 对应 服务器名
要求要包含所有的服务器ip + 服务器名
2) 检查 .ssh/authorized_keys
要求包含所有服务器（包括其自身）的public key
3：处理速度特别的慢 出现map很快 但是reduce很慢 而且反复出现 reduce=0%
Answer:
结合第二点，然后
修改 conf/Hadoop-env.sh 中的export HADOOP_HEAPSIZE=4000
4：能够启动datanode，但无法访问，也无法结束的错误
在重新格式化一个新的分布式文件时，需要将你NameNode上所配置的dfs.name.dir这一namenode用来存放NameNode 持久存储名字空间及事务日志的本地文件系统路径删除，同时将各DataNode上的dfs.data.dir的路径 DataNode 存放块数据的本地文件系统路径的目录也删除。如本此配置就是在NameNode上删除/home/hadoop/NameData，在DataNode上删除/home/hadoop/DataNode1和/home/hadoop/DataNode2。这是因为Hadoop在格式化一个新的分布式文件系统时，每个存储的名字空间都对应了建立时间的那个版本（可以查看/home/hadoop /NameData/current目录下的VERSION文件，上面记录了版本信息），在重新格式化新的分布式系统文件时，最好先删除NameData 目录。必须删除各DataNode的dfs.data.dir。这样才可以使namedode和datanode记录的信息版本对应。
注意：删除是个很危险的动作，不能确认的情况下不能删除！！做好删除的文件等通通备份！！
5：java.io.IOException: Could not obtain block: blk_194219614024901469_1100 file=/user/hive/warehouse/src_20090724_log/src_20090724_log
出现这种情况大多是结点断了，没有连接上。
6：Error: Java heap space
<property>
<name>mapred.child.java.opts</name>
<value>-Xmx1024m</value>
</property>
With the right JVM size in your hadoop-site.xml , you will have to copy this
to all mapred nodes and restart the cluster.
或者：hadoop jar jarfile [main class] -D mapred.child.java.opts=-Xmx1024m
7：解决hadoop OutOfMemoryError问题：
出现这种异常，明显是jvm内存不够得原因，要修改所有的datanode的jvm内存大小。
Java -Xms1024m -Xmx4096m
一般jvm的最大内存使用应该为总内存大小的一半，我们使用的8G内存，所以设置为4096m，这一值可能依旧不是最优的值。
8： Namenode in safe mode
解决方法
bin/hadoop dfsadmin -safemode leave
9：reduce exceed 100%
"Reduce Task Progress shows > 100% when the total size of map outputs (for a
single reducer) is high "
造成原因：
在reduce的merge过程中，check progress有误差，导致status > 100%，在统计过程中就会出现以下错误：java.lang.ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException: 3
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.StatusHttpServer$TaskGraphServlet.getReduceAvarageProgresses(StatusHttpServer.java:228)
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.StatusHttpServer$TaskGraphServlet.doGet(StatusHttpServer.java:159)
……
10：java.net.NoRouteToHostException: No route to host
j解决方法：
sudo /etc/init.d/iptables stop
11：更改namenode后，在hive中运行select 依旧指向之前的namenode地址
这是因为：When youcreate a table, hive actually stores the location of the table (e.g.
hdfs://ip:port/user/root/...) in the SDS and DBS tables in the metastore . So when I bring up a new cluster the master has a new IP, but hive's metastore is still pointing to the locations within the old
cluster. I could modify the metastore to update with the new IP everytime I bring up a cluster. But the easier and simpler solution was to just use an elastic IP for the master
所以要将metastore中的之前出现的namenode地址全部更换为现有的namenode地址
12：Your DataNode is started and you can create directories with bin/hadoop dfs -mkdir, but you get an error message when you try to put files into the HDFS (e.g., when you run a command like bin/hadoop dfs -put).
解决方法：
Go to the HDFS info web page (open your web browser and go to :dfs_info_port where namenode is the hostname of your NameNode and dfs_info_port is the port you chose dfs.info.port; if followed the QuickStart on your personal computer then this URL will be :50070). Once at that page click on the number where it tells you how many DataNodes you have to look at a list of the DataNodes in your cluster.
If it says you have used 100% of your space, then you need to free up room on local disk(s) of the DataNode(s).
If you are on Windows then this number will not be accurate (there is some kind of bug either in Cygwin's df.exe or in Windows). Just free up some more space and you should be okay. On one Windows machine we tried the disk had 1GB free but Hadoop reported that it was 100% full. Then we freed up another 1GB and then it said that the disk was 99.15% full and started writing data into the HDFS again. We encountered this bug on Windows XP SP2.
13：Your DataNodes won't start, and you see something like this in logs/*datanode*:
Incompatible namespaceIDs in /tmp/hadoop-ross/dfs/data
原因：
Your Hadoop namespaceID became corrupted. Unfortunately the easiest thing to do reformat the HDFS.
解决方法：
You need to do something like this:
bin/stop-all.sh
rm -Rf /tmp/hadoop-your-username/*
bin/hadoop namenode -format
14：You can run Hadoop jobs written in Java (like the grep example), but your HadoopStreaming jobs (such as the Python example that fetches web page titles) won't work.
原因：
You might have given only a relative path to the mapper and reducer programs. The tutorial originally just specified relative paths, but absolute paths are required if you are running in a real cluster.
解决方法：
Use absolute paths like this from the tutorial:
bin/hadoop jar contrib/hadoop-0.15.2-streaming.jar \
-mapper $HOME/proj/hadoop/multifetch.py \
-reducer $HOME/proj/hadoop/reducer.py \
-input urls/* \
-output titles
15：09/08/31 18:25:45 INFO hdfs.DFSClient: Exception in createBlockOutputStream java.io.IOException:Bad connect ack with firstBadLink 192.168.1.11:50010
> 09/08/31 18:25:45 INFO hdfs.DFSClient: Abandoning block blk_-8575812198227241296_1001
> 09/08/31 18:25:51 INFO hdfs.DFSClient: Exception in createBlockOutputStream java.io.IOException:
Bad connect ack with firstBadLink 192.168.1.16:50010
……
to create new block.
> at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient$DFSOutputStream.nextBlockOutputStream(DFSClient.java:2731)
> at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient$DFSOutputStream.access$2000(DFSClient.java:1996)
> at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.DFSClient$DFSOutputStream$DataStreamer.run(DFSClient.java:2182)
>
> 09/08/31 18:26:09 WARN hdfs.DFSClient: Error Recovery for block blk_7193173823538206978_1001
bad datanode[2] nodes == null
> 09/08/31 18:26:09 WARN hdfs.DFSClient: Could not get block locations. Source file "/user/umer/8GB_input"
- Aborting...
> put: Bad connect ack with firstBadLink 192.168.1.16:50010
解决方法：
1) '/etc/init.d/iptables stop' -->stopped firewall
2) SELINUX=disabled in '/etc/selinux/config' file.-->disabled selinux
I worked for me after these two changes
16：解决jline.ConsoleReader.readLine在Windows上不生效问题方法
在 CliDriver.java的main()函数中，有一条语句reader.readLine，用来读取标准输入，但在Windows平台上该语句总是返回null，这个reader是一个实例jline.ConsoleReader实例，给Windows Eclipse调试带来不便。
我们可以通过使用java.util.Scanner.Scanner来替代它，将原来的
while ((line=reader.readLine(curPrompt+"> ")) != null)
复制代码
替换为：
Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
while ((line=sc.nextLine()) != null)
复制代码
重新编译发布，即可正常从标准输入读取输入的SQL语句了。
17：IO写操作出现问题
0-1246359584298, infoPort=50075, ipcPort=50020):Got exception while serving blk_-5911099437886836280_1292 to /172.16.100.165:
java.net.SocketTimeoutException: 480000 millis timeout while waiting for channel to be ready for write. ch : java.nio.channels.SocketChannel[connected local=/
172.16.100.165:50010 remote=/172.16.100.165:50930]
at org.apache.hadoop.net.SocketIOWithTimeout.waitForIO(SocketIOWithTimeout.java:185)
at org.apache.hadoop.net.SocketOutputStream.waitForWritable(SocketOutputStream.java:159)
……
It seems there are many reasons that it can timeout, the example given in
HADOOP-3831 is a slow reading client.
解决办法：在hadoop-site.xml中设置dfs.datanode.socket.write.timeout=0试试；
My understanding is that this issue should be fixed in Hadoop 0.19.1 so that
we should leave the standard timeout. However until then this can help
resolve issues like the one you're seeing.
18：status of 255 error
错误类型：
java.io.IOException: Task process exit with nonzero status of 255.
at org.apache.hadoop.mapred.TaskRunner.run(TaskRunner.java:424)
错误原因：
Set mapred.jobtracker.retirejob.interval and mapred.userlog.retain.hours to higher value. By default, their values are 24 hours. These might be the reason for failure, though I'm not sure
restart 单个datanode
如果一个datanode 出现问题，解决之后需要重新加入cluster而不重启cluster，方法如下：
bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start datanode
bin/hadoop-daemon.sh start jobtracker
