源码解析Django CBV的本质

Django CBV模式的源码解析

通常来说,http请求的本质就是基于Socket

Django的视图函数,可以基于FBV模式,也可以基于CBV模式。

基于FBV的模式就是在Django的路由映射表里进行url和视图函数的关联,而基于CBV的模式则是在views.py文件中定义视图类,在视图类中视图函数,如get,post,put,delete等

使用Django新建一个项目,新建一个路由映射

from django.conf.urls import url from django.contrib import admin from app01 import views urlpatterns = [ url(r'^cbv/$',views.CBV.as_view()) ]

对应的views.py文件内容:

from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse from django.views import View class CBV(View): def get(self,request): return HttpResponse("GET") def post(self,request): return HttpResponse("POST")

启动项目,使用浏览器请求URL:8000/cbv/,浏览器显示结果为:

源码解析Django CBV的本质

请求到达Django会先执行Django中间件里的方法,然后进行进行路由匹配。

在路由匹配完成后,会执行CBV类中的as_view方法。

CBV中并没有定义as_view方法,由于CBV继承自Django的View,所以会执行Django的View类中的as_view方法

Django的View类的as_view方法的部分源码

class View(object): """ Intentionally simple parent class for all views. Only implements dispatch-by-method and simple sanity checking. """ http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace'] def __init__(self, **kwargs): """ Constructor. Called in the URLconf; can contain helpful extra keyword arguments, and other things. """ # Go through keyword arguments, and either save their values to our # instance, or raise an error. for key, value in six.iteritems(kwargs): setattr(self, key, value) @classonlymethod def as_view(cls, **initkwargs): """ Main entry point for a request-response process. """ for key in initkwargs: if key in cls.http_method_names: raise TypeError("You tried to pass in the %s method name as a " "keyword argument to %s(). Don't do that." % (key, cls.__name__)) if not hasattr(cls, key): raise TypeError("%s() received an invalid keyword %r. as_view " "only accepts arguments that are already " "attributes of the class." % (cls.__name__, key)) def view(request, *args, **kwargs): self = cls(**initkwargs) if hasattr(self, 'get') and not hasattr(self, 'head'): self.head = self.get self.request = request self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs return self.dispatch(request, *args, **kwargs) view.view_class = cls view.view_initkwargs = initkwargs # take name and docstring from class update_wrapper(view, cls, updated=()) # and possible attributes set by decorators # like csrf_exempt from dispatch update_wrapper(view, cls.dispatch, assigned=()) return view

从View的源码可以看出,在View类中,先定义了http请求的八种方法

http_method_names = ['get', 'post', 'put', 'patch', 'delete', 'head', 'options', 'trace']

在as_view方法中进行判断,如果请求的方法没在http_method_names中,则会抛出异常,这里的cls实际上指的是自定义的CBV类

接着as_view方法中又定义view方法,在view方法中对CBV类进行实例化,得到self对象,然后在self对象中封装浏览器发送的request请求

self = cls(**initkwargs)

最后又调用了self对象中的dispatch方法并返回dispatch方法的值来对request进行处理

此时,由于self对象就是CBV实例化得到,所以会先执行自定义的CBV类中的dispatch方法。如果CBV类中没有定义dispatch方法则执行Django的View中的dispatch方法

Django的View中的dispatch方法源码

class View(object): """ 中间省略 """ def dispatch(self, request, *args, **kwargs): # Try to dispatch to the right method; if a method doesn't exist, # defer to the error handler. Also defer to the error handler if the # request method isn't on the approved list. if request.method.lower() in self.http_method_names: handler = getattr(self, request.method.lower(), self.http_method_not_allowed) else: handler = self.http_method_not_allowed return handler(request, *args, **kwargs)

在dispatch方法中,把request.method转换为小写再判断是否在定义的http_method_names中,如果request.method存在于http_method_names中,则使用getattr反射的方式来得到handler

在这里的dispatch方法中,self指的是自定义的CBV类实例化得到的对象

从CBV类中获取request.method对应的方法,再执行CBV中的方法并返回

由此,可以知道如果在Django项目中使用CBV的模式,实际上调用了getattr的方式来执行获取类中的请求方法对应的函数

结论:

CBV基于反射实现根据请求方式不同,执行不同的方法 自定义dispatch方法

如果想在基于CBV模式的项目中在请求某个url时执行一些操作,则可以在url对应的类中定义dispatch方法

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