通过以上源码，可以看到，当需要添加元素时，会针对当前元素所对应的桶位进行加锁操作，这样一方面保证元素添加时，多线程的安全，同时对某个桶位加锁不会影响其他桶位的操作，进一步提升多线程的并发效率
数组初始化，initTable方法
private final Node<K,V>[] initTable() {
Node<K,V>[] tab; int sc;
//cas+自旋，保证线程安全，对数组进行初始化操作
while ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
//如果sizeCtl的值（-1）小于0，说明此时正在初始化， 让出cpu
if ((sc = sizeCtl) < 0)
Thread.yield(); // lost initialization race; just spin
//cas修改sizeCtl的值为-1，修改成功，进行数组初始化，失败，继续自旋
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, -1)) {
try {
if ((tab = table) == null || tab.length == 0) {
//sizeCtl为0，取默认长度16，否则去sizeCtl的值
int n = (sc > 0) ? sc : DEFAULT_CAPACITY;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//基于初始长度，构建数组对象
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n];
table = tab = nt;
//计算扩容阈值，并赋值给sc
sc = n - (n >>> 2);
}
} finally {
//将扩容阈值，赋值给sizeCtl
sizeCtl = sc;
}
break;
}
}
return tab;
}
put加锁图解
2.3 jdk1.8扩容安全
private final void transfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V>[] nextTab) {
int n = tab.length, stride;
//如果是多cpu，那么每个线程划分任务，最小任务量是16个桶位的迁移
if ((stride = (NCPU > 1) ? (n >>> 3) / NCPU : n) < MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE)
stride = MIN_TRANSFER_STRIDE; // subdivide range
//如果是扩容线程，此时新数组为null
if (nextTab == null) {
// initiating
try {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
//两倍扩容创建新数组
Node<K,V>[] nt = (Node<K,V>[])new Node<?,?>[n << 1];
nextTab = nt;
} catch (Throwable ex) {
// try to cope with OOME
sizeCtl = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return;
}
nextTable = nextTab;
//记录线程开始迁移的桶位，从后往前迁移
transferIndex = n;
}
//记录新数组的末尾
int nextn = nextTab.length;
//已经迁移的桶位，会用这个节点占位（这个节点的hash值为-1--MOVED）
ForwardingNode<K,V> fwd = new ForwardingNode<K,V>(nextTab);
boolean advance = true;
boolean finishing = false; // to ensure sweep before committing nextTab
for (int i = 0, bound = 0;;) {
Node<K,V> f; int fh;
while (advance) {
int nextIndex, nextBound;
//i记录当前正在迁移桶位的索引值
//bound记录下一次任务迁移的开始桶位
//--i >= bound 成立表示当前线程分配的迁移任务还没有完成
if (--i >= bound || finishing)
advance = false;
//没有元素需要迁移 -- 后续会去将扩容线程数减1，并判断扩容是否完成
else if ((nextIndex = transferIndex) <= 0) {
i = -1;
advance = false;
}
//计算下一次任务迁移的开始桶位，并将这个值赋值给transferIndex
else if (U.compareAndSwapInt
(this, TRANSFERINDEX, nextIndex,
nextBound = (nextIndex > stride ?
nextIndex - stride : 0))) {
bound = nextBound;
i = nextIndex - 1;
advance = false;
}
}
//如果没有更多的需要迁移的桶位，就进入该if
if (i < 0 || i >= n || i + n >= nextn) {
int sc;
//扩容结束后，保存新数组，并重新计算扩容阈值，赋值给sizeCtl
if (finishing) {
nextTable = null;
table = nextTab;
sizeCtl = (n << 1) - (n >>> 1);
return;
}
//扩容任务线程数减1
if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc = sizeCtl, sc - 1)) {
//判断当前所有扩容任务线程是否都执行完成
if ((sc - 2) != resizeStamp(n) << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT)
return;
//所有扩容线程都执行完，标识结束
finishing = advance = true;
i = n; // recheck before commit
}
}
//当前迁移的桶位没有元素，直接在该位置添加一个fwd节点
else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i)) == null)
advance = casTabAt(tab, i, null, fwd);
//当前节点已经被迁移
else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED)
advance = true; // already processed
else {
//当前节点需要迁移，加锁迁移，保证多线程安全
//此处迁移逻辑和jdk7的ConcurrentHashMap相同，不再赘述
synchronized (f) {
if (tabAt(tab, i) == f) {
Node<K,V> ln, hn;
if (fh >= 0) {
int runBit = fh & n;
Node<K,V> lastRun = f;
for (Node<K,V> p = f.next; p != null; p = p.next) {
int b = p.hash & n;
if (b != runBit) {
runBit = b;
lastRun = p;
}
}
if (runBit == 0) {
ln = lastRun;
hn = null;
}
else {
hn = lastRun;
ln = null;
}
for (Node<K,V> p = f; p != lastRun; p = p.next) {
int ph = p.hash; K pk = p.key; V pv = p.val;
if ((ph & n) == 0)
ln = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, ln);
else
hn = new Node<K,V>(ph, pk, pv, hn);
}
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
else if (f instanceof TreeBin) {
TreeBin<K,V> t = (TreeBin<K,V>)f;
TreeNode<K,V> lo = null, loTail = null;
TreeNode<K,V> hi = null, hiTail = null;
int lc = 0, hc = 0;
for (Node<K,V> e = t.first; e != null; e = e.next) {
int h = e.hash;
TreeNode<K,V> p = new TreeNode<K,V>
(h, e.key, e.val, null, null);
if ((h & n) == 0) {
if ((p.prev = loTail) == null)
lo = p;
else
loTail.next = p;
loTail = p;
++lc;
}
else {
if ((p.prev = hiTail) == null)
hi = p;
else
hiTail.next = p;
hiTail = p;
++hc;
}
}
ln = (lc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(lo) :
(hc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(lo) : t;
hn = (hc <= UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD) ? untreeify(hi) :
(lc != 0) ? new TreeBin<K,V>(hi) : t;
setTabAt(nextTab, i, ln);
setTabAt(nextTab, i + n, hn);
setTabAt(tab, i, fwd);
advance = true;
}
}
}
}
}
}
示意图
