多线程协助扩容的操作会在两个地方被触发：
① 当添加元素时，发现添加的元素对用的桶位为fwd节点，就会先去协助扩容，然后再添加元素
② 当添加完元素后，判断当前元素个数达到了扩容阈值，此时发现sizeCtl的值小于0，并且新数组不为空，这个时候，会去协助扩容
2.4.1 元素未添加，先协助扩容，扩容完后再添加元素 final V putVal(K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent) { if (key == null || value == null) throw new NullPointerException(); int hash = spread(key.hashCode()); int binCount = 0; for (Node<K,V>[] tab = table;;) { Node<K,V> f; int n, i, fh; if (tab == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) tab = initTable(); else if ((f = tabAt(tab, i = (n - 1) & hash)) == null) { if (casTabAt(tab, i, null, new Node<K,V>(hash, key, value, null))) break; // no lock when adding to empty bin } //发现此处为fwd节点，协助扩容，扩容结束后，再循环回来添加元素 else if ((fh = f.hash) == MOVED) tab = helpTransfer(tab, f); //省略代码 final Node<K,V>[] helpTransfer(Node<K,V>[] tab, Node<K,V> f) { Node<K,V>[] nextTab; int sc; if (tab != null && (f instanceof ForwardingNode) && (nextTab = ((ForwardingNode<K,V>)f).nextTable) != null) { int rs = resizeStamp(tab.length); while (nextTab == nextTable && table == tab && (sc = sizeCtl) < 0) { if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 || sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || transferIndex <= 0) break; if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) { //扩容，传递一个不是null的nextTab transfer(tab, nextTab); break; } } return nextTab; } return table; } 2.4.2 先添加元素，再协助扩容 private final void addCount(long x, int check) { //省略代码 if (check >= 0) { Node<K,V>[] tab, nt; int n, sc; //元素个数达到扩容阈值 while (s >= (long)(sc = sizeCtl) && (tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) { int rs = resizeStamp(n); //sizeCtl小于0，说明正在执行扩容，那么协助扩容 if (sc < 0) { if ((sc >>> RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) != rs || sc == rs + 1 || sc == rs + MAX_RESIZERS || (nt = nextTable) == null || transferIndex <= 0) break; if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, sc + 1)) transfer(tab, nt); } else if (U.compareAndSwapInt(this, SIZECTL, sc, (rs << RESIZE_STAMP_SHIFT) + 2)) transfer(tab, null); s = sumCount(); } } }注意：扩容的代码都在transfer方法中
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