上一篇文章中使用nodejs程序解析了网页编码为gbk,gb2312,以及utf-8的情况,这里面有三种特殊的乱码情况需要单独的说明一下.
1,网页编码为utf-8,但是解析为乱码,代表网站为。
这个问题真是个逗逼问题,查看网页源码中给出的编码方式为utf8,如下:
<meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>查快递</title>
由于解析出来的始终是乱码,我就抓包看了下,报文中的编码方式为gbk,果然我使用gbk的方式之后,得到的不再是乱码了。淘宝为了反爬虫也是操碎了新,但是我也很好奇这种方式是怎么实现的,知道的告诉我。
GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: Connection: close HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 01:56:23 GMT Content-Type: text/html;charset=GBK Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: close Vary: Accept-Encoding Vary: Accept-Encoding Content-Language: zh-CN Server: Tengine/Aserver
1,网页编码为utf-8,解析为乱码情况二,代表网站http//andersonjiang.blog.sohu.com/
单纯的查看网页源码看不出任何毛病,于是我又抓了一次包,得到如下情形:
GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: andersonjiang.blog.sohu.com Connection: close HTTP/1.1 200 OK Content-Type: text/html; charset=GBK Transfer-Encoding: chunked Connection: close Server: nginx Date: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 02:10:33 GMT Vary: Accept-Encoding Expires: Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT RHOST: 192.168.110.68@11177 Pragma: No-cache Cache-Control: no-cache Content-Language: en-US Content-Encoding: gzip FSS-Cache: MISS from 13539701.18454911.21477824 FSS-Proxy: Powered by 9935166.11245896.17873234
andersonjiang.blog.sohu.com这个网站同时采用了Transfer-Encoding: chunked传输编码和Content-Encoding: gzip内容编码功能,由于nodejs爬虫没有gzip解包功能,因此该网站提取不到任何字段,即title和charset等。要想提取此类网站则要添加gzip解包功能。
下面两个网站以及是正常的抓包情况。
GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: Connection: close HTTP/1.1 200 OK Expires: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 02:42:20 GMT Date: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 02:12:20 GMT Content-Type: text/html Last-Modified: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 00:52:42 GMT ETag: "96a4141970aed21:0" Cache-Control: max-age=1800 Accept-Ranges: bytes Content-Length: 158902 Accept-Ranges: bytes X-Varnish: 1075189606 Via: 1.1 varnish X-Via: 1.1 dxxz46:4 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0), 1.1 oudxin15:1 (Cdn Cache Server V2.0) Connection: close GET / HTTP/1.1 Host: Connection: close HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: openresty Date: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 02:18:59 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 99363 Connection: close Vary: Accept-Encoding Last-Modified: Thu, 06 Apr 2017 02:10:02 GMT Vary: Accept-Encoding ETag: "58e5a37a-18423" Accept-Ranges: bytes
3,网页编码为其他形式的编码,解析为乱码,例如:
(1)编码为Big5,代表网站为 ,
(2)编码为Shift_JIS,代表网站为,
(3)编码为windows-12,代表网站为,
(4)编码为EUC-JP,代表网站为
(5)编码为EUC-KR ,代表网站为,,
由于iconv-lite的说明中支持如下的编码方式:
Currently only a small part of encodings supported:
All node.js native encodings: 'utf8', 'ucs2', 'ascii', 'binary', 'base64'. Base encodings: 'latin1' Cyrillic encodings: 'windows-1251', 'koi8-r', 'iso 8859-5'. Simplified chinese: 'gbk', 'gb2313'.
Other encodings are easy to add, see the source. Please, participate
因此对于上述出现的网页编码,只有自己添加解码方式加以解决了。
总之要写一个通用的爬虫程序还有很长的路要走。
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