前言:谈到Linux下的web生产环境,大家就会想到apache这个开源服务器软件.apache可以整合大多数应用,比如 jsp,php,cgi,Python等等,但是apache过于臃肿以及对静态文件响应过于缓慢让很多使用者感到头疼.而nginx作为新崛起的服务器 软件,在很多方面超出apache,定位也很明确:高性能的 HTTP 和反向代理服务器.因而,本篇主要讲的是nginx作为前端,apache作为后端的应用环境搭建过程.
为什么不使用nginx+php(fastcgi)作为生产环境?我提出我的看法.
php(fastcgi)不够稳定,经常出现502错误,生成相对复杂的页面没有优势,反而会使php-cgi进程变为僵尸进程.
安全性,多用户多站点权限问题.php(fastcgi)在应对多用户多站点往往捉襟见肘,不易于实施.
整合其他开发语言,apache表现得游刃有余.资源利用恰到好处.
为什么采用nginx做前端,apache作为后端的方案?nginx在处理静态内容上较apache是几倍或几十倍的差异,因而放在前面过滤静态内容是 最为恰当的.同时nginx也是一个负载均衡器,低资源消耗,高性能转发是它的特点.经过nginx在前面的过滤,后端的apache需要处理的内容相对 就比较少了.只需负责处理动态内容就可以了.在性能与稳定性的权衡下,使用nginx+apache搭配会让它们在各自擅长的领域展现自身的价值.
本教程以CentOS 5.4 32bit为环境.其他Linux发行版本暂未测试.nginx,php,apache,mysql,pureftpd均为最新稳定版.
获取操作系统源更新.
yum update
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ bison patch unzip mlocate flex wget automake autoconf gd cpp gettext readline-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel freetype freetype-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel zlib zlib-devel glibc glibc-devel glib2 glib2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel ncurses ncurses-devel curl curl-devel e2fsprogs e2fsprogs-devel libidn libidn-devel openldap openldap-devel openldap-clients openldap-servers nss_ldap expat-devel libtool libtool-ltdl-devel
如果系统默认安装了apache,请先卸载.执行:
yum remove httpd
下载最新稳定版的程序源码包,以下都是到官方网站或sourceforge下载的源码包
cd /usr/local/src
wget ://mysql.he.net/
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget ~steveb/patches/php-mail-header-patch/php5-mail-header.patch
wget
wget
wget ftp://ftp.imagemagick.org/pub/ImageMagick/ImageMagick.tar.gz
wget
wget
wget
wget
wget ~provos/libevent-1.4.13-stable.tar.gz
wget
wget
wget
wget
一.安装Mysql.安装最新稳定版5.1.45版本,并没有采用最新开发版.
cd /usr/local/src
tar -zxf mysql-5.1.45.tar.gz
cd mysql-5.1.45
./configure –prefix=/usr/local/mysql –enable-assembler –enable-thread-safe-client –with-extra-charsets=all –with-big-tables –with-readline –with-ssl –with-embedded-server –enable-local-infile –with-plugins=partition,innodb_plugin,myisam,myisammrg
make && make install
cd ../
groupadd mysql -g 27
useradd mysql -u 27 -g 27 -c "MySQL Server" -d /var/lib/mysql -M
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_install_db –user=mysql
chown -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/var
chgrp -R mysql /usr/local/mysql/.
cp /usr/local/mysql/share/mysql/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
chmod u+x /etc/init.d/mysql
chkconfig –level 345 mysql on
echo "/usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql" >> /etc/ld.so.conf
echo "/usr/local/lib" >>/etc/ld.so.conf
ldconfig
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/lib/mysql /usr/lib/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/include/mysql /usr/include/mysql
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config /usr/bin/mysql_config
service mysql start
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root password root
service mysql restart
service mysql stop