qsort包含在<stdlib.h>头文件中,此函数根据你给的比较条件进行快速排序,通过指针移动实现排序。其排序是根据二分法写的,其时间复杂度为n*log(n)。排序之后的结果仍然放在原数组中。使用qsort函数必须自己写一个比较函数。
其实qsort的用法跟sort十分的相像。关于sort的用法见下一篇文章 。
函数原型:
void qsort ( void * base, size_t num, size_t size, int ( * comparator ) ( const void *, const void * ) );
用法以及参数说明:
base:Pointer to the first element of the array to be sorted.(数组起始地址)
num:Number of elements in the array pointed by base.(数组元素个数)
size:Size in bytes of each element in the array.(每一个元素的大小)
comparator: Function that compares two elements.(函数指针,指向比较函数)
1、The function must accept two parameters that are pointers to elements, type-casted as void*. These parameters should be cast back to some data type and be compared.
2、The return value of this function should represent whether elem1 is considered less than, equal to, or greater than elem2 by returning, respectively, a negative value, zero or a positive value.
Return Value none (无返回值)
用法举例:
一、对int类型数组排序
int num[100];
int cmp ( const void *a , const void *b )
{
return *(int *)a - *(int *)b;
}
qsort(num, 100, sizeof(num[0]), cmp);
二、对char类型数组排序(同int类型)
char word[100];
int cmp( const void *a , const void *b )
{
return *(char *)a - *(int *)b;
}
qsort(word,100,sizeof(word[0]),cmp);
三、对double类型数组排序
double in[100];
int cmp( const void *a , const void *b )
{
return *(double *)a > *(double *)b ? 1 : -1;//因为自定义函数的返回值必须是int型,所以这里不能直接相减
}
qsort(in,100,sizeof(in[0]),cmp);
四、对结构体一级排序
struct Sample
{
double data;
int other;
}s[100]
//按照data的值从小到大将结构体排序
int cmp( const void *a ,const void *b)
{
return (*(Sample *)a).data > (*(Sample *)b).data ? 1 : -1;
}
qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);
五、对结构体二级排序
struct Sample
{
int x;
int y;
}s[100];
//按照x从小到大排序,当x相等时按照y从大到小排序
int cmp( const void *a , const void *b )
{
struct Sample *c = (Sample *)a;
struct Sample *d = (Sample *)b;
if(c->x != d->x) return c->x - d->x;
else return d->y - c->y;
}
qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);
六、对字符串进行排序
struct Sample
{
int data;
char str[100];
}s[100];
//按照结构体中字符串str的字典顺序排序
int cmp ( const void *a , const void *b )
{
return strcmp( (*(Sample *)a).str , (*(Sample *)b).str );
}
qsort(s,100,sizeof(s[0]),cmp);
七、对字符串二维数组排序:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
char s[2001][1001];
int cmp(const void *a, const void *b){
return strcmp((char *)a,(char *)b);
}
int main(){
int i,n;
scanf("%d",&n);
getchar();
for(i=0;i<n;i++) gets(s[i]);
qsort(s,n,1001*sizeof(char),cmp);
for(i=0;i<n;i++) puts(s[i]);
return 0;
}