Spock框架是基于Groovy语言的测试框架，Groovy与Java具备良好的互操作性，因此可以在Spring Boot项目中使用该框架写优雅、高效以及DSL化的测试用例。Spock通过@RunWith注解与JUnit框架协同使用，另外，Spock也可以和Mockito(Spring Boot应用的测试——Mockito）一起使用。
在这个小节中我们会利用Spock、Mockito一起编写一些测试用例（包括对Controller的测试和对Repository的测试），感受下Spock的使用。
实战根据Building an Application with Spring Boot这篇文章的描述，spring-boot-maven-plugin这个插件同时也支持在Spring Boot框架中使用Groovy语言。
在pom文件中添加Spock框架的依赖
<!-- test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.spockframework</groupId> <artifactId>spock-core</artifactId> <scope>test</scope></dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.spockframework</groupId> <artifactId>spock-spring</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency>在src/test目录下创建groovy文件夹，在groovy文件夹下创建com/test/bookpub包。
在resources目录下添加packt-books.sql文件，内容如下所示：
INSERT INTO author (id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (5, \'Shrikrishna\', \'Holla\'); INSERT INTO book (isbn, title, author, publisher) VALUES (\'978-1-78398-478-7\', \'Orchestrating Docker\', 5, 1); INSERT INTO author (id, first_name, last_name) VALUES (6, \'du\', \'qi\'); INSERT INTO book (isbn, title, author, publisher) VALUES (\'978-1-78528-415-1\', \'Spring Boot Recipes\', 6, 1);在com/test/bookpub目录下创建SpockBookRepositorySpecification.groovy文件，内容是：
package com.test.bookpubimport com.test.bookpub.domain.Author import com.test.bookpub.domain.Book import com.test.bookpub.domain.Publisher import com.test.bookpub.repository.BookRepository import com.test.bookpub.repository.PublisherRepository import org.mockito.Mockito import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationContextLoader import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init.DatabasePopulatorUtils import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.init.ResourceDatabasePopulator import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders import spock.lang.Sharedimport spock.lang.Specification import javax.sql.DataSourceimport javax.transaction.Transactional import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.containsString; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.get; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.content; import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status; @WebAppConfiguration @ContextConfiguration(classes = [BookPubApplication.class, TestMockBeansConfig.class],loader = SpringApplicationContextLoader.class) class SpockBookRepositorySpecification extends Specification { @Autowired private ConfigurableApplicationContext context; @Shared boolean sharedSetupDone = false; @Autowired private DataSource ds; @Autowired private BookRepository bookRepository; @Autowired private PublisherRepository publisherRepository; @Shared private MockMvc mockMvc; void setup() { if (!sharedSetupDone) { mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(context).build(); sharedSetupDone = true; } ResourceDatabasePopulator populator = new ResourceDatabasePopulator(context.getResource("classpath:/packt-books.sql")); DatabasePopulatorUtils.execute(populator, ds); } @Transactional def "Test RESTful GET"() { when: def result = mockMvc.perform(get("/books/${isbn}")); then: result.andExpect(status().isOk()) result.andExpect(content().string(containsString(title))); where: isbn | title "978-1-78398-478-7"|"Orchestrating Docker" "978-1-78528-415-1"|"Spring Boot Recipes" } @Transactional def "Insert another book"() { setup: def existingBook = bookRepository.findBookByIsbn("978-1-78528-415-1") def newBook = new Book("978-1-12345-678-9", "Some Future Book", existingBook.getAuthor(), existingBook.getPublisher()) expect: bookRepository.count() == 3 when: def savedBook = bookRepository.save(newBook) then: bookRepository.count() == 4 savedBook.id > -1 } }执行测试用例，测试通过
接下来试验下Spock如何与mock对象一起工作，之前的文章中我们已经在TestMockBeansConfig类中定义了PublisherRepository的Spring Bean，如下所示，由于@Primary的存在，使得在运行测试用例时Spring Boot优先使用Mockito框架模拟出的实例。
@Configuration @UsedForTesting public class TestMockBeansConfig { @Bean @Primary public PublisherRepository createMockPublisherRepository() { return Mockito.mock(PublisherRepository.class); } }