ORACLE12C静默安装(CDB)

12.2 + Centos7.5
安装日志:

--查看内存
free -h                              # 或者使用 Free 查看内存和交换空间

--查看内核
uname -a
uname -r

--安装依赖包
Package Requirements(软件包需求),以下是 Oracle Database 11g 第2版​​(11.2)所需的软件包列表:(其中后缀为 .el7.i686 需要从互联网上下载,而其他安装包可以由 CentOS 7.4 映像文件提供 )
ping
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
yum list
yum -y install telnet
yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio-devel libgcc libstdc++ libstdc++-devel libXext libXtst libX11 libXau libxcb libXi make sysstat compat-libcap1 unixODBC unixODBC-devel
yum -y install compat-libstdc++-33.i686
yum -y install glibc.i686
yum -y install glibc-devel.i686
yum -y install libaio.i686
yum -y install ksh
yum -y install libaio-devel.i686
yum -y install libgcc.i686
yum -y install libstdc++.i686
yum -y install libstdc++-devel.i686
yum -y install libxcb.i686
yum -y install libX11.i686
yum -y install libXau.i686
yum -y install libXi.i686
yum -y install libXtst.i686
yum -y install libXrender.i686
yum -y install libXrender-devel.i686

# Oracle Linux 7和Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7必须安装以下或更高版本的包:
bc
binutils                        #≧-2.23.52.0.1-12.el7 (x86_64)
compat-libcap1                  #≧-1.10-3.el7 (x86_64)
compat-libstdc++-33.i686        #≧-3.2.3-71.el7 (i686)
compat-libstdc++-33             #≧-3.2.3-71.el7 (x86_64)
glibc.i686                      #≧-2.17-36.el7 (i686)
glibc                           #≧-2.17-36.el7 (x86_64)
glibc-devel.i686                #≧-2.17-36.el7 (i686)
glibc-devel                     #≧-2.17-36.el7 (x86_64)
ksh
libaio.i686                     #≧-0.3.109-9.el7 (i686)
libaio                          #≧-0.3.109-9.el7 (x86_64)
libaio-devel.i686               #≧-0.3.109-9.el7 (i686)
libaio-devel                    #≧-0.3.109-9.el7 (x86_64)
libgcc.i686                     #≧-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)
libgcc                          #≧-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)
libstdc++.i686                  #≧-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)
libstdc++                       #≧-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)
libstdc++-devel.i686            #≧-4.8.2-3.el7 (i686)
libstdc++-devel                 #≧-4.8.2-3.el7 (x86_64)
libxcb.i686                     #≧-1.9-5.el7 (i686)
libxcb                          #≧-1.9-5.el7 (x86_64)
libX11.i686                     #≧-1.6.0-2.1.el7 (i686)
libX11                          #≧-1.6.0-2.1.el7 (x86_64)
libXau.i686                     #≧-1.0.8-2.1.el7 (i686)
libXau                          #≧-1.0.8-2.1.el7 (x86_64)
libXi.i686                      #≧-1.7.2-1.el7 (i686)
libXi                           #≧-1.7.2-1.el7 (x86_64)
libXtst.i686                    #≧-1.2.2-1.el7 (i686)
libXtst                         #≧-1.2.2-1.el7 (x86_64)
libXrender.i686                 #≧ (i686)
libXrender                      #≧ (x86_64)
libXrender-devel.i686           #≧ (i686)
libXrender-devel                #≧ (x86_64)
make                            #≧-3.82-19.el7 (x86_64)
net-tools                       #≧-2.0-0.17.20131004git.el7 (x86_64) (for Oracle RAC and Oracle Clusterware)
nfs-utils                       #≧-1.3.0-0.21.el7.x86_64 (for Oracle ACFS)
smartmontools                   #≧-6.2-4.el7 (x86_64)
sysstat                         #≧-10.1.5-1.el7 (x86_64)

--禁用selinx,防火墙,并设置用户名
setenforce 0
sed -i -e \'s@^SELINUX=enforcing@SELINUX=disabled@\' /etc/selinux/config
systemctl disable firewalld.service && systemctl stop firewalld.service
hostnamectl set-hostname "hnsi-gwy"

# 配置主机IP地址和主机名的变量,然后在文件 /etc/hosts 的最后一行下面插入新的行
 hostip=`routel |grep host |grep -v \'127.0.0\' | awk \'NR==1{ print }\' | awk \'{ print $1 }\'`
 sed -i \'$a\\'$hostip\' \'$HOSTNAME\' \'$HOSTNAME\'\' /etc/hosts


设置内核参数 将设置的参数打印,并重定向到 /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf文件中
/usr/bin/cat >/etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf << EOF
 
# This is a parameter set for Oracle database tuning
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

fs.file-max = 6815744

kernel.shmall = 83886080

kernel.shmmax = 17179869184

kernel.shmmni = 4096

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500

net.core.rmem_default=262144

net.core.rmem_max=4194304

net.core.wmem_default=262144

net.core.wmem_max=1048586
 
# Kernel.shmmax (parameter) is set to 50% of the physical memory
# kernel.shmall = 2097152
# kernel.shmmax = 536870912
# kernel.shmmni = 4096
EOF





[root@wjq soft]# sysctl –a   //让内核参数文件立即生效

 

shmmax=物理内存*80%*80%,单位是字节
kernel.shmmax:表示单个共享内存段的最大值,以字节为单位,此值一般为物理内存的一半,不过大一点也没关系,这里设定的为4GB,即“4294967295/1024/1024/1024=4G”。
kernel.shmmin:表示单个共享内存段的最小值,默认为1byte
kernel.shmall:表示整个系统范围内可用共享内存页的总量,单位是页(page),在32位系统上一页等于4kB,也就是4096字节。计算公式是:shmmax/PAGE_SIZE
kernel.shmmni:表示整个系统范围内内存段的最大数量,一般为4096.
ip_local_port_range  :表示端口的范围。在监听器帮助客户端进程和服务器进程建立连接时,会用到指定范围内的端口。
kernel.sem  :表示设置的信号量,这4个参数内容大小固定。
net.core.rmem_default  :表示接收套接字缓冲区大小的缺省值(以字节为单位)。
net.core.rmem_max  :表示接收套接字缓冲区大小的最大值(以字节为单位)
net.core.wmem_default  :表示发送套接字缓冲区大小的缺省值(以字节为单位)。
net.core.wmem_max  :表示发送套接字缓冲区大小的最大值(以字节为单位)。

 

 

9、 修改资源控制文件

vi /etc/security/limits.conf

oracle               soft    nproc   2047
oracle               hard    nproc   16384
oracle               soft    nofile  4096
oracle               hard    nofile  65536

 

资源限制是针对单个进程的限制,不是针对整个系统总的设置
修改limits.conf以后,将马上生效。但是,如果用户已经登录系统,那么对于该用户的限制将在下一次用户重新登录以后才生效。如果要让对该用户的限制生效,只能让该用户注销然后重新登录就可以了。
/etc/security/limits.conf
    core - 限制内核文件的大小
  date - 最大数据大小
  fsize - 最大文件大小
  memlock - 最大锁定内存地址空间
  nofile - 打开文件的最大数目
  rss - 最大持久设置大小
  stack - 最大栈大小
  cpu - 以分钟为单位的最多 CPU 时间
  noproc - 进程的最大数目
  as - 地址空间限制
  maxlogins - 此用户允许登录的最大数目

nofile - 打开文件的最大数目,该值不能等于/proc/sys/fs/file-max,如果等于file-max且打开的文件句柄的数量达到file-max,用户将不能登陆操作系统。



--创建用户和组

groupadd -g 1100 oinstall  
groupadd -g 1001 dba
useradd -u 600 -g oinstall -G dba oracle
passwd oracle
 

--创建目录

mkdir -p /home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
chown -R oracle:oinstall /home/u01
chmod -R 775 /home/u01


解压安装包,设置环境变量

unzip linuxx64_12201_database.zip

vi .bash_profile

# .bash_profile
TMP=http://www.likecs.com/tmp; export TMP
TMPDIR=$TMP; export TMPDIR

ORACLE_HOSTNAME=hnsi-gwy; export ORACLE_HOSTNAME
ORACLE_UNQNAME=SIBCGWY; export ORACLE_UNQNAME
ORACLE_BASE=http://www.likecs.com/home/u01/app/oracle; export ORACLE_BASE
DB_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1; export DB_HOME
ORACLE_HOME=$DB_HOME; export ORACLE_HOME
ORACLE_SID=SIBCGWY; export ORACLE_SID
ORACLE_TERM=xterm; export ORACLE_TERM
BASE_PATH=http://www.likecs.com/usr/sbin:$PATH; export BASE_PATH
PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$BASE_PATH; export PATH

LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/JRE:$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib;
export PS1=\'${LOGNAME}@${HOSTNAME}:${PWD}:SID=\e[31;1m${ORACLE_SID}\e[0m> \'
export CLASSPATH




--相应文件模板的存放位置

find / -name *.rsp

[oracle@hnsi-gwy database]$ find /home/u01/ -name *.rsp
/home/u01/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp
/home/u01/soft/database/response/netca.rsp
/home/u01/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp


浏览响应文件内容

sed -n \'/^[^#]/p\' response/db_install.rsp


编辑Oracle数据库软件响应文件db_install.rsp

vim db_install.rsp


oracle.install.responseFileVersion=http://www.likecs.com/oracle/install/rspfmt_dbinstall_response_schema_v12.2.0

oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY

UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall

INVENTORY_LOCATION=http://www.likecs.com/home/u01/app/oraInventory

ORACLE_HOME=http://www.likecs.com/home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1

ORACLE_BASE=http://www.likecs.com/home/u01/app/oracle

oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE

oracle.install.db.OSDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSOPER_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba

oracle.install.db.rac.configurationType=

oracle.install.db.CLUSTER_NODES=

oracle.install.db.isRACOneInstall=false

oracle.install.db.racOneServiceName=

oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolName=

oracle.install.db.rac.serverpoolCardinality=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=

oracle.install.db.ConfigureAsContainerDB=true

oracle.install.db.config.PDBName=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.characterSet=AL32UTF8

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryOption=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.installExampleSchemas=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYS=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.SYSTEM=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.DBSNMP=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.PDBADMIN=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.managementOption=false

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsHost=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.omsPort=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminUser=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.emAdminPassword=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.enableRecovery=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.storageType=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.dataLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.fileSystemStorage.recoveryLocation=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.diskGroup=

oracle.install.db.config.asm.ASMSNMPPassword=

MYORACLESUPPORT_USERNAME=

MYORACLESUPPORT_PASSWORD=

SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false

DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true

PROXY_HOST=

PROXY_PORT=

PROXY_USER=

PROXY_PWD=

COLLECTOR_SUPPORTHUB_URL=

 

--获取帮助,启动静默安装
在静默安装Oracle软件之前,如果没有配置/etc/hosts文件,将会出现如五(1)的错误。
 ./runInstaller -help
./runInstaller -silent -ignoreSysPrereqs -ignorePrereq -responseFile /home/u01/soft/database/response/db_install.rsp


You can find the log of this install session at:
 /home/u01/app/oraInventory/logs/installActions2020-04-10_02-25-01AM.log


--配置监听器

浏览Oracle监听响应文件netca.rsp

[oracle@wjq database]$ sed -n \'/^[^#]/p\' response/netca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.2"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]

INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}

INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""

LISTENER_NUMBER=1

LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}

LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""

NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}

NSN_NUMBER=1

NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}

NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}

NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

 

编辑监听器配置响应文件netca.rsp

[oracle@wjq database]$ vim response/netca.rsp

[GENERAL]

RESPONSEFILE_VERSION="12.2"

CREATE_TYPE="CUSTOM"

[oracle.net.ca]

INSTALLED_COMPONENTS={"server","net8","javavm"}

INSTALL_TYPE=""typical""

LISTENER_NUMBER=1

LISTENER_NAMES={"LISTENER"}

LISTENER_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;1521"}

LISTENER_START=""LISTENER""

NAMING_METHODS={"TNSNAMES","ONAMES","HOSTNAME"}

NSN_NUMBER=1

NSN_NAMES={"EXTPROC_CONNECTION_DATA"}

NSN_SERVICE={"PLSExtProc"}

NSN_PROTOCOLS={"TCP;HOSTNAME;1521"}

 

静默安装监听器

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/netca -silent -responsefile /home/u01/soft/database/response/netca.rsp

查看监听状态,并启动监听器

lsnrctl status




--创建数据库
 浏览Oracle数据库响应文件dbca.rsp

sed -n \'/^[^#]/p\' response/dbca.rsp


 编辑响应文件dbca.rsp

 vim response/dbca.rsp                                                             


responseFileVersion=http://www.likecs.com/oracle/assistants/rspfmt_dbca_response_schema_v12.2.0

gdbName=SIBCGWY

sid=SIBCGWY

databaseConfigType=

RACOneNodeServiceName=

policyManaged=

createServerPool=

serverPoolName=

cardinality=

force=

pqPoolName=

pqCardinality=

createAsContainerDatabase=true

numberOfPDBs=1

pdbName=sibp_gwy

useLocalUndoForPDBs=

pdbAdminPassword=

nodelist=

templateName=General_Purpose.dbc

sysPassword=Orcl2020

systemPassword=Orcl2020

oracleHomeUserPassword=Orcl2020

emConfiguration=

emExpressPort=5500

runCVUChecks=

dbsnmpPassword=

omsHost=

omsPort=

emUser=

emPassword=

dvConfiguration=

dvUserName=

dvUserPassword=

dvAccountManagerName=

dvAccountManagerPassword=

olsConfiguration=

datafileJarLocation=

datafileDestination=

recoveryAreaDestination=

storageType=

diskGroupName=

asmsnmpPassword=

recoveryGroupName=

characterSet=AL32UTF8

nationalCharacterSet=

registerWithDirService=

dirServiceUserName=

dirServicePassword=

walletPassword=

listeners=LISTENER

variablesFile=

variables=

initParams=

sampleSchema=true

memoryPercentage=

databaseType=

automaticMemoryManagement=FALSE

totalMemory=0

 

静默创建数据库

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/u01/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp



[root@hnsi-gwy ~]# more /home/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/SIBCGWY/SIBCGWY.log
[ 2020-04-10 02:59:08.949 EDT ] Copying database files
DBCA_PROGRESS : 1%
DBCA_PROGRESS : 2%
[ 2020-04-10 02:59:18.593 EDT ] ORA-27104: system-defined limits for shared memory was misconfigured

DBCA_PROGRESS : 3%
[ 2020-04-10 02:59:18.595 EDT ] ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

[ 2020-04-10 02:59:18.596 EDT ] ORA-01034: ORACLE not available

[ 2020-04-10 02:59:23.765 EDT ] DBCA_PROGRESS : DBCA Operation failed.

解决:
vi /etc/sysctl.d/99-sysctl.conf

kernel.shmall = 2097152   #改为83886080


测试实例是否注册成功和能否登录到数据库

lsnrctl status




--停库停监听打补丁

压缩包:
17p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
20191015DBp30138470_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
20191015OJVMp30133625_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip


cd soft/

unzip /tmp/20191015DBp30138470_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip

$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version
cd $ORACLE_HOME/

mv OPatch OPatchbak
unzip /tmp/17p6880880_122010_Linux-x86-64.zip
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch version


$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch prereq CheckConflictAgainstOHWithDetail -phBaseDir /home/u01/soft/30138470 -oh $ORACLE_HOME


$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply /tmp/30138470 -analyze
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply /tmp/30138470

报错
Prerequisite check "CheckSystemCommandAvailable" failed.
OPatch failed with error code 73

解决:
参考 Doc ID 1581604.1
yum -y install psmisc





OPatch found the word "error" in the stderr of the make command.
Please look at this stderr. You can re-run this make command.
Stderr output:
chmod: changing permissions of ‘/home/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1/bin/extjobO’: Operation not permitted
make: [iextjob] Error 1 (ignored)





$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply /tmp/30133625 -analyze
$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch/opatch apply /tmp/30133625
启动数据库、监听
cd $ORACLE_HOME/OPatch
./datapatch -verbose

验证是否打补丁成功
set lines 200 pages 200
select * from dba_registry_history;







dbca -silent -deleteDatabase -sourcedb SIBCGWY -sid SIBCGWY -sysDBAUserName system -sysDBAPassword Orcl2020

$ORACLE_HOME/bin/dbca -silent -createDatabase -responseFile /home/u01/soft/database/response/dbca.rsp


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