Count:用来求某个数据的个数。 在以下所有的示例中所采用的模型为: from django.db import models # 定义作者模型 class Author(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) age = models.IntegerField() email = models.EmailField() class Meta: db_table = \'author\' def __str__(self): return "%s,%s,%s" % (self.name,self.age, self.email) # 定义出版社模型 class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True) class Meta: db_table = \'publisher\' # 定义图书模型 class Book(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) pages = models.IntegerField() price = models.FloatField() rating = models.FloatField() author = models.ForeignKey(\'Author\', on_delete=models.CASCADE) publisher = models.ForeignKey(\'Publisher\', on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Meta: db_table = \'book\' # 定义预定图书的模型 class BookOrder(models.Model): book = models.ForeignKey(\'Book\', on_delete=models.CASCADE) price = models.FloatField() class Meta: db_table = \'book_order\' 1. 比如:求所有图书的数量,那么views.py视图文件中可以使用以下代码: from django.http import HttpResponse from .models import Author,Publisher,Book,BookOrder from django.db.models import Avg,Count,Sum from django.db import connection def index(request): # 4.求所有图书的数量,因为book表中的数据具有唯一性所以可以通过计算ID的唯一性来计算图书的数量。 count = Book.objects.aggregate(book_count=Count(\'id\')) print(count) # 打印出结果为:{\'book_count\': 4} return HttpResponse("success !") 2.求同一种书预定的数量 from django.http import HttpResponse from .models import Author,Publisher,Book,BookOrder from django.db.models import Avg,Count,Sum from django.db import connection def index(request): # 5.求同一种书的预定数量,同样还是针对book表,此处可以是针对bookorder__id,也可以是bookorder。默认就是针对book__order表中id字段进行操作 books = Book.objects.annotate(books_count=Count(\'bookorder\')) # print(type(books)) # <class \'django.db.models.query.QuerySet\'> # 遍历QuerySet for book in books: print("%s,%s" % (book.name,book.books_count)) # 打印出结果: # 三国演义,2 # 水浒传,2 # 红楼梦,2 # 西游记,0 # 打印出原生SQL语句 print(connection.queries) # 打印出结果:[{\'sql\': \'SELECT @@SQL_AUTO_IS_NULL\', \'time\': \'0.000\'}, {\'sql\': \'SET SESSION TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL READ COMMITTED\', \'time\': \'0.000\'}, {\'sql\': \'SELECT `book`.`id`, `book`.`name`, `book`.`pages`, `book`.`price`, `book`.`rating`, `book`.`author_id`, `book`.`publisher_id`, COUNT(`book_order`.`id`) AS `books_count` FROM `book` LEFT OUTER JOIN `book_order` ON (`book`.`id` = `book_order`.`book_id`) GROUP BY `book`.`id` ORDER BY NULL\', \'time\': \'0.000\'}] return HttpResponse("success !") 3. 同样Count()可以传递参数distinct,默认情况下,distinct=False.可以通过指定distinct=True,删除返回值中相同的数据。例如:求被预定的书有多少种书,示例代码如下: from django.http import HttpResponse from .models import Book from django.db.models import Count def index(request): # 6.求被预定的书都有多少种书 # 首先可以使用annotate()进行分组,之后对分组的数据进行删除相同的数据操作。 book_nums = Book.objects.annotate(book_nums=Count(\'bookorder\', distinct=True)) print(book_nums) return HttpResponse("success !") 打印出结果:
打印出的结果为QuerySet对象,不容易分辨具体的数据信息。因此我们可以对Book模型的__str__(self)方法进行重写。
<QuerySet [<Book: Book object (1)>, <Book: Book object (2)>, <Book: Book object (3)>, <Book: Book object (4)>]> 重写模型的__str__(self)方法: # 定义出版社模型 class Publisher(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100,unique=True) class Meta: db_table = \'publisher\' def __str__(self): return " ->:%s" % self.name # 定义图书模型 class Book(models.Model): name = models.CharField(max_length=100, unique=True) pages = models.IntegerField() price = models.FloatField() rating = models.FloatField() author = models.ForeignKey(\'Author\', on_delete=models.CASCADE) publisher = models.ForeignKey(\'Publisher\', on_delete=models.CASCADE) class Meta: db_table = \'book\' def __str__(self): return "(书名:%s,页数:%s,价格:%s,打折:%s,作者:%s,出版社:%s)" % (self.name, self.pages, self.price, self.rating, self.author, self.publisher) 打印出结果: <QuerySet [ <Book: (书名:三国演义,页数:893,价格:129.0,打折:0.8,作者:罗贯中,47,312587329@qq.com,出版社: ->:清华大学出版社)>, <Book: (书名:水浒传,页数:983,价格:159.0,打折:0.75,作者:施耐庵,57,1924572@qq.com,出版社: ->:吉林大学出版社)>, <Book: (书名:红楼梦,页数:1543,价格:199.0,打折:0.85,作者:曹雪芹,42,123521472@qq.com,出版社: ->:浙江大学出版社)>, <Book: (书名:西游记,页数:1003,价格:159.0,打折:0.75,作者:吴承恩,34,193452272@qq.com,出版社: ->:清华大学出版社)> ]>