基于Linux的tty架构及UART驱动详解 (4)

uart_port用于描述串口端口的I/O端口或I/O内存地址、FIFO大小、端口类型、串口时钟等信息。实际上，一个uart_port实现对应一个串口设备。

struct uart_port { spinlock_t lock; /* port lock */ unsigned long iobase; /* in/out[bwl] */ unsigned char __iomem *membase; /* read/write[bwl] */ unsigned int (*serial_in)(struct uart_port *, int); void (*serial_out)(struct uart_port *, int, int); void (*set_termios)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *new, struct ktermios *old); int (*handle_irq)(struct uart_port *); void (*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state, unsigned int old); void (*handle_break)(struct uart_port *); unsigned int irq; /* irq number */ unsigned long irqflags; /* irq flags */ unsigned int uartclk; /* base uart clock */ unsigned int fifosize; /* tx fifo size */ unsigned char x_char; /* xon/xoff char */ unsigned char regshift; /* reg offset shift */ unsigned char iotype; /* io access style */ unsigned char unused1; #define UPIO_PORT (0) #define UPIO_HUB6 (1) #define UPIO_MEM (2) #define UPIO_MEM32 (3) #define UPIO_AU (4) /* Au1x00 and RT288x type IO */ #define UPIO_TSI (5) /* Tsi108/109 type IO */ unsigned int read_status_mask; /* driver specific */ unsigned int ignore_status_mask; /* driver specific */ struct uart_state *state; /* pointer to parent state */ struct uart_icount icount; /* statistics */ struct console *cons; /* struct console, if any */ #if defined(CONFIG_SERIAL_CORE_CONSOLE) || defined(SUPPORT_SYSRQ) unsigned long sysrq; /* sysrq timeout */ #endif upf_t flags; #define UPF_FOURPORT ((__force upf_t) (1 << 1)) #define UPF_SAK ((__force upf_t) (1 << 2)) #define UPF_SPD_MASK ((__force upf_t) (0x1030)) #define UPF_SPD_HI ((__force upf_t) (0x0010)) #define UPF_SPD_VHI ((__force upf_t) (0x0020)) #define UPF_SPD_CUST ((__force upf_t) (0x0030)) #define UPF_SPD_SHI ((__force upf_t) (0x1000)) #define UPF_SPD_WARP ((__force upf_t) (0x1010)) #define UPF_SKIP_TEST ((__force upf_t) (1 << 6)) #define UPF_AUTO_IRQ ((__force upf_t) (1 << 7)) #define UPF_HARDPPS_CD ((__force upf_t) (1 << 11)) #define UPF_LOW_LATENCY ((__force upf_t) (1 << 13)) #define UPF_BUGGY_UART ((__force upf_t) (1 << 14)) #define UPF_NO_TXEN_TEST ((__force upf_t) (1 << 15)) #define UPF_MAGIC_MULTIPLIER ((__force upf_t) (1 << 16)) /* Port has hardware-assisted h/w flow control (iow, auto-RTS *not* auto-CTS) */ #define UPF_HARD_FLOW ((__force upf_t) (1 << 21)) /* Port has hardware-assisted s/w flow control */ #define UPF_SOFT_FLOW ((__force upf_t) (1 << 22)) #define UPF_CONS_FLOW ((__force upf_t) (1 << 23)) #define UPF_SHARE_IRQ ((__force upf_t) (1 << 24)) #define UPF_EXAR_EFR ((__force upf_t) (1 << 25)) #define UPF_BUG_THRE ((__force upf_t) (1 << 26)) /* The exact UART type is known and should not be probed. */ #define UPF_FIXED_TYPE ((__force upf_t) (1 << 27)) #define UPF_BOOT_AUTOCONF ((__force upf_t) (1 << 28)) #define UPF_FIXED_PORT ((__force upf_t) (1 << 29)) #define UPF_DEAD ((__force upf_t) (1 << 30)) #define UPF_IOREMAP ((__force upf_t) (1 << 31)) #define UPF_CHANGE_MASK ((__force upf_t) (0x17fff)) #define UPF_USR_MASK ((__force upf_t) (UPF_SPD_MASK|UPF_LOW_LATENCY)) unsigned int mctrl; /* current modem ctrl settings */ unsigned int timeout; /* character-based timeout */ unsigned int type; /* port type */ const struct uart_ops *ops; unsigned int custom_divisor; unsigned int line; /* port index */ resource_size_t mapbase; /* for ioremap */ struct device *dev; /* parent device */ unsigned char hub6; /* this should be in the 8250 driver */ unsigned char suspended; unsigned char irq_wake; unsigned char unused[2]; void *private_data; /* generic platform data pointer */ }; 2.2.5. struct uart_ops

struct uart_ops涵盖了驱动可对串口的所有操作

struct uart_ops { unsigned int (*tx_empty)(struct uart_port *); void (*set_mctrl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int mctrl); unsigned int (*get_mctrl)(struct uart_port *); void (*stop_tx)(struct uart_port *); void (*start_tx)(struct uart_port *); void (*throttle)(struct uart_port *); void (*unthrottle)(struct uart_port *); void (*send_xchar)(struct uart_port *, char ch); void (*stop_rx)(struct uart_port *); void (*enable_ms)(struct uart_port *); void (*break_ctl)(struct uart_port *, int ctl); int (*startup)(struct uart_port *); void (*shutdown)(struct uart_port *); void (*flush_buffer)(struct uart_port *); void (*set_termios)(struct uart_port *, struct ktermios *new, struct ktermios *old); void (*set_ldisc)(struct uart_port *, int new); void (*pm)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state, unsigned int oldstate); int (*set_wake)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int state); /* * Return a string describing the type of the port */ const char *(*type)(struct uart_port *); /* * Release IO and memory resources used by the port. * This includes iounmap if necessary. */ void (*release_port)(struct uart_port *); /* * Request IO and memory resources used by the port. * This includes iomapping the port if necessary. */ int (*request_port)(struct uart_port *); void (*config_port)(struct uart_port *, int); int (*verify_port)(struct uart_port *, struct serial_struct *); int (*ioctl)(struct uart_port *, unsigned int, unsigned long); #ifdef CONFIG_CONSOLE_POLL int (*poll_init)(struct uart_port *); void (*poll_put_char)(struct uart_port *, unsigned char); int (*poll_get_char)(struct uart_port *); #endif }; 2.3. 关键流程 2.3.1. 注册流程 2.3.1.1. 注册uart_driver

此接口在uart driver中调用，用来注册uart_driver到kernel中，调用阶段在uart driver的初始阶段，例如：module_init(), uart_driver的注册流程图

注册过程主要做了以下操作：

1、根据driver支持的最大设备数，申请n个uart_state空间，每一个uart_state都有一个uart_port。

2、分配一个tty_driver,并将uart_driver->tty_driver指向它。

3、对tty_driver进行设置，其中包括默认波特率、检验方式等，还有一个重要的ops,结构体tty_operation的注册，它是tty核心与串口驱动通信的接口。

4、初始化每一个uart_state的tty_port;