前文 Nginx 解决WebApi跨域二次请求以及Vue单页面问题 当中虽然解决了跨域问题带来的二次请求,但也产生了一个新的问题,就是如果需要获取用户IP的时候,获取的IP地址总是本机地址。
二、原因
由于Nginx反向代理后,在应用中取得的IP都是反向代理服务器的IP,取得的域名也是反向代理配置的Url的域名。
三、解决方案
解决该问题,需要在Nginx反向代理配置中添加一些配置信息,目的将客户端的真实IP和域名传递到应用程序中。同时,也要修改获取IP地址的方法。
但是需要注意的是,通过Nginx反向代理后,如果访问IP通过了几层代理,可能取得的IP地址是这种格式:clientIP,proxy1,proxy2。
如果需要将IP地址插入到数据库的话,需要做防止注入。因此要对上述的IP地址的格式进行截取。
3.1 Nginx 配置如下
server {
listen
9461; # 监听端口号
server_name localhost 192.168.88.22; # 访问地址
location / {
root 项目路径; # 例如:E:/Publish/xxx/;
index index.html;
# 此处用于处理 Vue、Angular、React 使用H5 的 History时 重写的问题
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.*) /index.html last;
break;
}
}
# 代理服务端接口
location /api {
proxy_pass :9460/api;# 代理接口地址
# Host配置以及域名传递
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
}
3.2
C#代码获取真实IP方法
#region Ip(客户端IP地址)
/// <summary>
/// 客户端IP地址
/// </summary>
public static string Ip
{
get
{
var result = string.Empty;
if (HttpContext.Current != null)
{
result = GetWebClientIp();
}
if (string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(result))
{
result = GetLanIp();
}
return result;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取Web客户端的IP
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetWebClientIp()
{
var ip = GetWebProxyRealIp() ?? GetWebRemoteIp();
foreach (var hostAddress in Dns.GetHostAddresses(ip))
{
if (hostAddress.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
{
return hostAddress.ToString();
}
}
return string.Empty;
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取Web远程IP
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetWebRemoteIp()
{
try
{
return HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"] ??
HttpContext.Current.Request.ServerVariables["REMOTE_ADDR"] ?? "";
}
catch (Exception e)
{
return string.Empty;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取Web代理真实IP
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetWebProxyRealIp()
{
var request = HttpContext.Current.Request;
string ip = request.Headers.Get("x-forwarded-for");
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip) || string.Equals("unknown", ip, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
ip = request.Headers.Get("Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip) || string.Equals("unknown", ip, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
ip = request.Headers.Get("WL-Proxy-Client-IP");
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip) || string.Equals("unknown", ip, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase))
{
ip = request.UserHostAddress;
}
if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ip))
{
return string.Empty;
}
// 可能存在如下格式:X-Forwarded-For: client, proxy1, proxy2
if (ip.Contains(", "))
{
// 如果存在多个反向代理,获得的IP是一个用逗号分隔的IP集合,取第一个
// X-Forwarded-For: client 第一个
string[] ips = ip.Split(new string[1] {", "}, StringSplitOptions.RemoveEmptyEntries);
var i = 0;
for (i = 0; i < ips.Length; i++)
{
if (ips[i] != "")
{
// 判断是否为内网IP
if (false == IsInnerIp(ips[i]))
{
IPAddress realIp;
if (IPAddress.TryParse(ips[i], out realIp) && ips[i].Split('.').Length == 4)
{
//合法IP
return ips[i];
}
return "";
}
}
}
ip = ips[0];// 默认获取第一个IP地址
}
return ip;
}
/// <summary>
/// 判断IP地址是否为内网IP地址
/// </summary>
/// <param>IP地址</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool IsInnerIp(string ip)
{
bool isInnerIp = false;
ulong ipNum = Ip2Ulong(ip);
/**
* 私有IP
* A类:10.0.0.0-10.255.255.255
* B类:172.16.0.0-172.31.255.255
* C类:192.168.0.0-192.168.255.255
* 当然,还有127这个网段是环回地址
*/
ulong aBegin = Ip2Ulong("10.0.0.0");
ulong aEnd = Ip2Ulong("10.255.255.255");
ulong bBegin = Ip2Ulong("172.16.0.0");
ulong bEnd = Ip2Ulong("10.31.255.255");
ulong cBegin = Ip2Ulong("192.168.0.0");
ulong cEnd = Ip2Ulong("192.168.255.255");
isInnerIp = IsInner(ipNum, aBegin, aEnd) || IsInner(ipNum, bBegin, bEnd) || IsInner(ipNum, cBegin, cEnd) ||
ip.Equals("127.0.0.1");
return isInnerIp;
}
/// <summary>
/// 将IP地址转换为Long型数字
/// </summary>
/// <param>IP地址</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static ulong Ip2Ulong(string ip)
{
byte[] bytes = IPAddress.Parse(ip).GetAddressBytes();
ulong ret = 0;
foreach (var b in bytes)
{
ret <<= 8;
ret |= b;
}
return ret;
}
/// <summary>
/// 判断用户IP地址转换为Long型后是否在内网IP地址所在范围
/// </summary>
/// <param>用户IP</param>
/// <param>开始范围</param>
/// <param>结束范围</param>
/// <returns></returns>
private static bool IsInner(ulong userIp, ulong begin, ulong end)
{
return (userIp >= begin) && (userIp <= end);
}
/// <summary>
/// 获取局域网IP
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
private static string GetLanIp()
{
foreach (var hostAddress in Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName()))
{
if (hostAddress.AddressFamily == AddressFamily.InterNetwork)
{
return hostAddress.ToString();
}
}
return string.Empty;
}
#endregion