单元测试 - SpringBoot2+Mockito实战

单元测试 - SpringBoot2+Mockito实战

在真实的开发中，我们通常是使用SpringBoot的，目前SpringBoot是v2.4.x的版本（SpringBoot 2.2.2.RELEASE之前默认是使用 JUnit4，之后版本默认使用Junit5）；所以我们写个基于SpringBoot2.4+H2的内存库的简单例子，同时加点必要的单元测试。@pdai

SpringBoot对单测试的差异

SpringBoot 2.2.2.RELEASE之前默认是使用 JUnit4，之后版本默认使用Junit5。

pringboot+junit4:

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class) @SpringBootTest public class SpringBootQuickStartApplicationTests { private MockMvc mvc; @Before public void setUp() throws Exception { mvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build(); } @Test public void contextLoads() throws Exception { RequestBuilder request = null; request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("http://www.likecs.com/") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); mvc.perform(request) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } }

springboot+junit5:

@SpringBootTest // 使用spring的测试框架 @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class) class SpringbootQuickStartApplicationTests { private MockMvc mockMvc; @BeforeEach // 类似于junit4的@Before public void setUp() throws Exception { mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.standaloneSetup(new UserController()).build(); } @Test void contextLoads() throws Exception { RequestBuilder request = null; request = MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("http://www.likecs.com/") .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON); mockMvc.perform(request) .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print()) .andReturn(); } } 项目实践

Spring Boot 2.4.2 + H2 + Lombok + Spring Boot Test (默认包含了 Junit5 + Mockito)。

Demo程序准备

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.4.2</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>tech.pdai</groupId> <artifactId>java-springboot-unit5</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>java-springboot-unit5</name> <description>java-springboot-unit5</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.h2database</groupId> <artifactId>h2</artifactId> <scope>runtime</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-configuration-processor</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <optional>true</optional> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <excludes> <exclude> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> </exclude> </excludes> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>

application.yml

spring: datasource: platform: h2 driverClassName: org.h2.Driver url: jdbc:h2:mem:testdb;MODE=MYSQL;DB_CLOSE_DELAY=-1;DATABASE_TO_UPPER=false username: pdai password: pdai schema: classpath:db/schema/user-schema.sql data: classpath:db/data/user-data.sql initialization-mode: always h2: console: settings: trace: true web-allow-others: true enabled: true path: /h2-console jpa: show-sql: true hibernate: ddl-auto: update generate-ddl: false open-in-view: false

数据库文件准备

schema

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS user; CREATE TABLE user ( id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY, name varchar(35), phone varchar(35) );

data

insert into user(id,name,phone) values(1,'pdai','123456'); insert into user(id,name,phone) values(2,'zhangsan','123456');