树莓派安装 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS 碰壁指南
设备 Raspberry 4B 4+32G
系统 Ubuntu 20.04 LTS
1.镜像下载与烧录镜像下载地址:https://cdimage.ubuntu.com/releases/20.04.1/release/ubuntu-20.04.1-preinstalled-server-arm64+raspi.img.xz
烧录工具
SD Card Formatter
Win32DiskImager
2.启用root账户输入命令后根据提示操作
su passwd root 3.无线网络连接初始化进入netplan配置文件夹
cd /etc/netplan/配置无线网
sudo vim 50-cloud-init.yaml配置如下，仅供参考
# This file is generated from information provided by the datasource. Changes # to it will not persist across an instance reboot. To disable cloud-init's # network configuration capabilities, write a file # /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg with the following: # network: {config: disabled} network: ethernets: eth0: dhcp4: true optional: true version: 2 wifis: wlan0: dhcp4: true optional: true access-points: "你的无线网络名称": password: "123456789"注意在冒号后面，记得要有个空格或者换行
启用配置
我全部更换为阿里镜像源，最终配置如下
## Note, this file is written by cloud-init on first boot of an instance ## modifications made here will not survive a re-bundle. ## if you wish to make changes you can: ## a.) add 'apt_preserve_sources_list: true' to /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg ## or do the same in user-data ## b.) add sources in /etc/apt/sources.list.d ## c.) make changes to template file /etc/cloud/templates/sources.list.tmpl # See for how to upgrade to # newer versions of the distribution. #deb focal main restricted deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal main restricted # deb-src focal main restricted ## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the ## distribution. #deb focal-updates main restricted deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/ focal-updates main restricted # deb-src focal-updates main restricted ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any ## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team. #deb focal universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal universe # deb-src focal universe #deb focal-updates universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates universe # deb-src focal-updates universe ## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu ## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to ## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in ## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu ## security team. #deb focal multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal multiverse # deb-src focal multiverse #deb focal-updates multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-updates multiverse # deb-src focal-updates multiverse ## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as ## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes ## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features. ## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review ## or updates from the Ubuntu security team. #deb focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse # deb-src focal-backports main restricted universe multiverse ## Uncomment the following two lines to add software from Canonical's ## 'partner' repository. ## This software is not part of Ubuntu, but is offered by Canonical and the ## respective vendors as a service to Ubuntu users. # deb focal partner # deb-src focal partner #deb focal-security main restricted deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security main restricted # deb-src focal-security main restricted #deb focal-security universe deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security universe # deb-src focal-security universe #deb focal-security multiverse deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports focal-security multiverse # deb-src focal-security multiverse刷新镜像源
source source.list apt get update apt get upgrade 4.启用SSH（*） sudo apt install openssh-server查看ssh状态
防火墙端口放行SSH
ufw allow ssh尝试一下用默认账户连接(我尝试失败，您可以一试)
方法一:修改sshd_config
参考 https://blog.csdn.net/john1337/article/details/109465781
修改配置文件
sudo vim /etc/ssh/sshd_config在vim中搜索定位PermitRootLogin，可直接查找：
/PermitRootLogin修改以下配置：
33 #LoginGraceTime 2m
34 #PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
35 #StrictModes yes
36 #MaxAuthTries 6
37 #MaxSessions 10
修改为：
LoginGraceTime 2m PermitRootLogin yes StrictModes yes #MaxAuthTries 6 #MaxSessions 10重启ssh，使配置生效
sudo service ssh restart现在可是使用root用户登录ssh了！！！
方法二：建立新用户（*）
我使用该方法完成ssh连接
不知为何默认账户ubuntu和root无法进行SSH连接认证，但是可以通过自己添加账户进行SSH连接
直接输入
adduser your_username按照指示配置新用户信息，最后使用该用户名称完成SSH连接
5. BT宝塔面板安装 wget -O install.sh && bash install.sh