Plastid Transformation for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Plants

Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures are  major limiting factors in plant growth and development and pose serious  threat to global agricultural production. Here we describe a procedure,  using a tobacco plastid transformation vector, to generate  transplastomic plants with an enhanced ability to tolerate abiotic  stresses such as salinity, drought, or cold stress. The procedure  involves biolistic delivery of a plastid transformation vector into  explants, antibiotic selection procedures, and �identification of  transplastomic lines. The plastid transformation vector contains an aadA  gene that encodes resistance to spectinomycin as a selectable marker  along with the gene of interest for developing transplastomic plants  that are tolerant to abiotic stresses. Shoot buds appear over the  surface of bombarded explants following spectinomycin selection.  Transplastomic shoots are multiplied following several rounds of  �spectinomycin selection. Homoplasmic transplastomic lines are confirmed  by spectinomycin and streptomycin double selection over a period of 4–5  weeks. The available reports suggest that transplastomic technology is a  useful tool for expressing genes in plastids or chloroplasts for  enhancing abiotic stress tolerance in plants.                                                                     

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