原文链接 Java并发编程:线程间协作的两种方式:wait、notify、notifyAll和Condition
在前面我们将了很多关于同步的问题,然而在现实中,需要线程之间的协作。比如说最经典的生产者-消费者模型:当队列满时,生产者需要等待队列有空间才能继续往里面放入商品,而在等待的期间内,生产者必须释放对临界资源(即队列)的占用权。因为生产者如果不释放对临界资源的占用权,那么消费者就无法消费队列中的商品,就不会让队列有空间,那么生产者就会一直无限等待下去。因此,一般情况下,当队列满时,会让生产者交出对临界资源的占用权,并进入挂起状态。然后等待消费者消费了商品,然后消费者通知生产者队列有空间了。同样地,当队列空时,消费者也必须等待,等待生产者通知它队列中有商品了。这种互相通信的过程就是线程间的协作。
今天我们就来探讨一下Java中线程协作的最常见的两种方式:利用Object.wait()、Object.notify()和使用Condition。
wait()、notify()和notifyAll()wait()、notify()和notifyAll()是Object类中的方法:
/** * Wakes up a single thread that is waiting on this object's * monitor. If any threads are waiting on this object, one of them * is chosen to be awakened. The choice is arbitrary and occurs at * the discretion of the implementation. A thread waits on an object's * monitor by calling one of the wait methods */ public final native void notify(); /** * Wakes up all threads that are waiting on this object's monitor. A * thread waits on an object's monitor by calling one of the * wait methods. */ public final native void notifyAll(); /** * Causes the current thread to wait until either another thread invokes the * {@link java.lang.Object#notify()} method or the * {@link java.lang.Object#notifyAll()} method for this object, or a * specified amount of time has elapsed. * <p> * The current thread must own this object's monitor. */ public final native void wait(long timeout) throws InterruptedException;